DNA origami

Biological materials are self-assembled with near-atomic precision in living cells, whereas synthetic 3D structures generally lack such and controllability. Recently, DNA nanotechnology, especially origami technology, has been useful the bottom-up fabrication of well-defined nanostructures ranging from tens nanometres to sub-micrometres. In this Primer, we summarize methodologies including design, synthesis, functionalization characterization. We highlight applications nanofabrication, nanophotonics nanoelectronics, catalysis, computation, molecular machines, bioimaging, drug delivery biophysics. identify challenges for field, size limits, stability issues scale production, discuss their possible solutions. further provide an outlook on next-generation techniques that will allow vivo synthesis multiscale manufacturing.